A beginner’s guide to US real estate
US real estate can be a good investment, but before purchasing a property an investor needs to be clear about what sort of investment property they want to buy. This information should then be passed on to their real estate agent or broker. Buying or selling property in America is regulated by law and the process is transparent. It is still advisable, however, to understand what the different real estate professionals do. Requirements and taxes vary between states, and local professionals will understand the procedure.
Agents
An agent works for a real estate broker and is a trained real estate professional. The agent lists and shows the houses. There are seller and buyer agents and investors should be represented by a buyer agent. Seller agents are usually paid a commission on the purchase price whereas a buyer agent is paid a fee which should be established in advance. As well as finding a property for an investor, an agent can also help with finding a lender, analyse an investor’s financial position and explain various financial options open to the buyer. The agent will have access to the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) and will know the local area. An agent will draw up the sales contract and can offer valuable advice.
Brokers
Brokers can also be agents, but have additional qualifications. A broker must be licensed by the state. Agents work for the broker. Discount brokers are cheaper than traditional brokers, but offer fewer services. When using discount brokers, investors have to arrange their own appointments and write their own sales contract.
Realtors
A realtor is a broker or agent who belongs to the state or local board of realtors which will be affiliated with the National Association of Realtors. Realtors operate to a code of ethics and they sponsor the MLS.
Real estate attorney
A US real estate attorney is not required to purchase property in America, however, first-time investors should consider employing one to check the contracts and paperwork that is signed at closing. In addition, if the attorney has experience of real estate transactions and US income tax and estate planning, he or she can ensure that the investor’s interests are protected and that the property is purchased in the most tax efficient manner.
Home appraisal
The home appraisal will be organised by the lender if one is involved, and will be paid for by the buyer. The appraisal assesses what the house is worth.
Home inspection
The home inspection is performed by a home inspector who examines any component or system of a building. A home inspector will be able to find problems such as electrical systems which are not properly wired, or badly installed plumbing or sewage systems. The seller must also disclose any problems with the house such as problems with the roof or pests.
Home warranty
A home warranty is an assurance given by the seller that the property and services are, or will be, as represented.
Making an offer
An offer must be written and is a legally binding contract. An investor should include everything in the contract as if anything is left out, the seller is not obliged to include it in the sale. Commitment to some dates is binding.
Closing and title insurance
Title insurance protects the buyer against a defect in the title. Closing is the final step in the transaction.